Anatomia 2025 English

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### Cranial Nerves, Head & Neck - **Palatine Bone (Most Medial Part):** Horizontal plate - **Pterygopalatine Fossa Medial Wall:** Vertical plate of palatine bone, sphenoidal process of palatine bone - **Occipital Venous Sinus Basis:** Falx cerebelli - **Pyramids Location:** Medulla - **Obturator Groove Formation:** Fit of vessels and nerves - **Middle Meningeal Artery Transmission:** Foramen spinosum - **Ganglion Ciliare Innervation:** Musculus ciliaris, Musculus sphincter pupillae - **Radial Bursa Encloses:** Flexor pollicis longus tendon - **Cubital Fossa (Lateral Boundary):** Brachioradialis - **Sartorius Muscle Origin:** Anterior superior iliac spine - **Ligamentum Arteriosum Location:** Left pulmonary artery and the aortic arch - **Superior Petrosal Sinus:** Drains into the transverse sinus - **Temporal Bone (Pneumatic Cavity):** Sphenoid bone, Ethmoid bone, Temporal bone - **Occipital Bone Parts:** Basilar part, Hypoglossal canal, Sulcus of transverse sinus, Squama - **Pyramid of Temporal Bone (Posterior Surface):** Subarcuate fossa - **Pyramid of Temporal Bone (Canals):** Facial canal, Mastoid canaliculus, Carotid canal - **Tympanic Canaliculus (Inlet/Outlet):** Hiatus of canal of lesser petrosal nerve, Bottom of fossula petrosa - **Stapes Vibrations:** Oval window - **Cranial Fontanels (Closes Second Year):** Anterior (frontal) fontanel - **Palatine Bone Processes:** Orbital process, Sphenoid process, Pyramidal process - **Ramus of Mandible (Anatomical Formations):** Coronoid process, Condylar process, Mylohyoid line - **Medial Cranial Fossa Openings:** Spinous foramen, Superior orbital fissure, Oval foramen - **Posterior Cranial Fossa Openings:** Jugular foramen, Hypoglossal canal, Foramen magnum - **Pterygopalatine Fossa Bones:** Palatine bone, Sphenoid bone, Maxilla - **Foramen Rotundum Opens To:** Middle Cranial fossa, Pterygopalatine fossa - **Pterygopalatine Fossa (Connects to Orbit):** Inferior orbital fissure - **Pterygopalatine Fossa (Connects to Nasal Cavity):** Sphenopalatine foramen - **Medial Wall of Orbit Bones:** Sphenoid bone, Ethmoid bone, Lacrimal bone, Maxilla, Frontal bone - **Orbit Wall Openings:** Posterior ethmoidal foramen, Optic canal, Nasolacrimal canal, Anterior ethmoidal foramen - **Osseal Nasal Septum Bones:** Vomer, Ethmoid bone - **Facial Nerve (VII) Innervates:** Stapedius muscle - **Hard (Osseal) Palate Bones:** Palatine bone, Maxilla - **Hyppoglosal Nerve Lesion:** Difficulty in speaking, swallowing, protruding tongue - **Cervical Vertebrae Characteristics:** Foramen in transverse process, Bifurcated spinous process, Anterior and posterior tubercles on transverse processes - **Sensory Impulses (Nerves):** Trigeminal, Facial, Vagus - **Thoracic Vertebrae (Complete Costal Facets):** 1st, 11th, 12th - **Inability to Smile (Cranial Nerve Destruction):** VII (Facial) - **Sulcus of Subclavian Artery (First Rib):** Behind tubercle of anterior scalene muscle - **Sulcus of Rib Location:** Inferior margin of internal surface - **Glenoid Cavity of Scapula Location:** Lateral angle of scapula - **Light Reflex Center:** Pretectal region - **Epicondyle of Humerus (Ulnar Nerve Sulcus):** Behind medial epicondyle - **Wrist (Proximal Row Bones):** Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform - **Corneal Reflex (Afferent Limb):** Ophthalmic nerve - **Teeth Sensation to CNS:** Pons - **Facial Nerve (Pons Involvement):** Fibers extend into three different cranial nerve nuclei in the pons - **Cranial Nerves (No Sensory/Motor Innervation to Tongue):** VIII (Vestibulocochlear) - **IX Cranial Nerve Emergence Site:** Postolivary sulcus - **Inferior Salivatory Nucleus Axons:** Glossopharyngeal nerve - **Facial Nerve Innervation:** Zygomaticus major, Buccinator, Platysma, Orbicularis oculi - **Digastric Muscle (Posterior Belly Innervated by):** VII (Facial) - **Accessory Nerve (Branches):** External branch, Internal branch - **Accessory Nerve (Muscles Innervated):** Sternocleidomastoid, Trapezius - **Transverse Cervical Nerve (Innervates):** Skin of anterior cervical region, Skin of lateral cervical region - **Long Thoracic Nerve (Innervates):** Anterior serratus - **Elbow Joint (Sensory Supply):** Ulnar nerve, Radial nerve, Median nerve - **Medial Fascicle of Brachial Plexus (Nerves):** Ulnar nerve, Medial pectoral nerve, Medial cutaneous nerve of arm - **Musculocutaneous Nerve (Muscles Innervated):** Coracobrachialis, Biceps brachii - **Ulnar Nerve (Innervates):** Flexor carpi ulnaris, Medial part of flexor digitorum profundus, Elbow joint - **Posterior Branches of Spinal Nerves (Supplied Structures):** Deep muscles of back, Skin of dorsal surface of trunk, Suboccipital muscles - **Spinal Nerves (White Communicating Branches):** Thoracic nerves, 1st and 2nd lumbar nerves - **Cervical Plexus (Cutaneous Branches):** Great auricular nerve, Transverse cervical nerve, Lesser occipital nerve, Supraclavicular nerve - **Cervical Plexus (Muscles Innervated):** Scalene muscles, Longus colli and capitis, Rectus capitis anterior, Levator scapulae, Trapezius - **Phrenic Nerve (Innervates):** Liver, Pericardium, Pleura, Peritoneum - **Trapezius and Sternocleidomastoid Muscles (Supply):** Accessory nerve, Branches of cervical plexus - **Skin of Anterior & Lateral Cervical Regions (Supply):** Transverse cervical nerve - **Brachial Plexus (Short Branches):** Long thoracic nerve, Axillary nerve, Lateral and medial pectoral nerves, Subscapular nerve - **Axillary Nerve (Muscles Innervated):** Deltoid muscle - **Long Thoracic Nerve (Muscles Innervated):** Anterior serratus - **Elbow Joint (Sensory Supply):** Ulnar nerve, Radial nerve, Median nerve - **Medial Cord of Brachial Plexus (Nerves):** Ulnar nerve, Medial pectoral nerve, Medial cutaneous nerve of arm - **Musculocutaneous Nerve (Innervates):** Coracobrachialis, Biceps brachii - **Ulnar Nerve (Innervates):** Flexor carpi ulnaris, Medial part of flexor digitorum profundus, Elbow joint - **Motor Nucleus of Trigeminal Nerve Location:** Pons - **Solitary Tract (Common for Cranial Nerves):** 9th, 10th, 7th cranial nerves - **Nucleus Ambiguus (Common for Cranial Nerves):** 10th, 9th cranial nerves - **Chorda Tympani Nerve:** Joins lingual nerve in infratemporal fossa, Branch of facial nerve, Contains preganglionic parasympathetic fibers - **Pudendal Nerve (Branches, NOT):** Inferior gluteal nerve - **Extensor Digitorum Brevis (Nerve Supply):** Deep peroneal nerve - **Tensor Fascia Lata Muscle (Innervated by):** Superior gluteal nerve - **Intervertebral Disc Herniation (C5-C6):** Compresses sixth cervical nerve root - **Superior Cervical Ganglion (Gives Rise to):** Carotid plexus - **Pterygopalatine Fossa (Connects to Orbit):** Inferior orbital fissure - **Pterygopalatine Fossa (Connects to Nasal Cavity):** Sphenopalatine foramen - **Wrist (Proximal Row Bones):** Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform ### Joints, Bones & Muscles - **Joints (Not Main Element):** Articular cartilage - **Complex Joint Feature:** Articular disc - **Scoliosis (Vertebral Column Part):** Thoracic - **Bone Functions:** Supporting, Movement, Protection, Exchange of mineral substances, Blood formation - **Individual Muscle Cell Surrounds:** Endomysium - **Triaxial Movement Joint:** Ball and socket - **Triceps Brachii Muscle Function:** Extends the arm - **Adam's Apple:** Thyroid cartilage - **Bones (Elasticity):** Ossein - **Ligaments Joining Vertebrae Arches:** Ligamenta flava - **Median Atlanto-Axial Joint Shape:** Pivot - **Membrane-Connected Bones:** Tibia and fibula, Ulna and radius, Ischial and pubic, Occipital and atlas - **Median Atlanto-Axial Joint Movements:** Rotation - **Knee Joint:** Compound joints, Complex joints - **Ligaments (Anterior Wall of Vertebral Canal):** Posterior longitudinal ligament - **Shoulder Joint (Restricts Abduction):** Coraco-acromial ligament - **Forehead Transverse Folds Muscles:** Occipitofrontalis - **Mandible Protracting Muscles:** Medial pterygoid, Lateral pterygoid - **Masseter Origin Bones:** Zygomatic process of maxilla, Zygomatic arch - **Lateral Pterygoid Muscle Attachment:** Articular disc of temporomandibular joint, Neck of mandible - **Clavicle (Medial Two Thirds Muscles):** Sternocleidomastoid, Pectoralis major, Subclavius, Sternohyoid - **Biceps Brachii Origin:** Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula, Coracoid process of scapula - **Ribs (Correct Statements):** Attach posteriorly to thoracic vertebra; First 7 pairs are true ribs; Ribs and cartilages increase in length from 1st to 7th; Last two (11th and 12th) are floating ribs. - **Clavicle (Incorrect Statement):** It is an example of the short bones. - **Coronal & Sagittal Suture Intersection:** Bregma - **Erb's Point:** C5, C6 - **Erb's Paralysis Deformity:** Policeman's tip position - **Pancreatica Magna Artery Branch:** Splenic - **Serratus Anterior Paralysis:** Winging of the scapula - **Muscles of Mastication:** Masseter, Temporalis, Lateral Pterygoids, Medial Pterygoids - **Axillary Nerve Lesion:** Flat shoulder - **Articulatio Tarsi Transversa (Key):** Ligamentum bifurcatum - **Superior Vena Cava (Blood Return, EXCEPT):** Lungs - **Brachiocephalic Veins (Incorrect Statement):** They contain valves to prevent backflow of blood - **Shoulder Girdle Bones:** Clavicle, Scapula - **Rib (Sulcus Location):** Along inferior margin of internal surface - **Abdominal Wall (Lower Quarter - Arcuate Line):** Aponeurosis of internal oblique muscle does not split, all three aponeurotic layers pass anterior to rectus abdominis. - **Pelvis (Smallest Dimensions):** Direct measure of outlet of small pelvis - **Small Pelvis Dimension (True/Gynecological Conjugate):** Distance between promontory and most prominent point of symphysis - **Femur (Proximal End Formations):** Head, Greater trochanter - **Tibia (Proximal End Formations):** Medial condyle, Lateral condyle, Intercondylar area, Intercondylar eminence - **Tarsus (Distal Row Bones):** Medial cuneiform bone, Navicular bone, Lateral cuneiform bone, Cuboid bone - **Obturator Foramen (Indicated by 4):** Lig. sacrospinale - **Ligamenta Flava (Ligaments joining arches of vertebrae):** Correct - **Intervertebral Disc Herniation (C5-C6):** Compresses sixth cervical nerve root. ### Thoracic Cavity & Respiratory System - **Aortic Opening in Diaphragm:** Transmits aorta, thoracic duct, azygos vein - **Ribs (Incorrect Statement):** Ribs 1 through 12 are called true ribs. - **Internal Thoracic Artery (Incorrect Statement):** It is a branch of the arch of the aorta. - **Left Lung Characteristics:** Cardiac notch is found. - **Diaphragmatic Pleura (Central Part Nerve Supply):** Phrenic - **Tracheal Bifurcation Level:** T4-T5 in supine living subject - **Superior Vena Cava Returns Blood From:** Head, Neck, Upper limb - **Trachea (True Statement):** It ends at the level of the sternal angle - **Inferior Thoracic Aperture (Correct Statements):** Closed by the diaphragm; Structures pass through between thorax and abdomen (inferior vena cava, esophagus); Bounded by 12th thoracic vertebra posteriorly; Bounded by costal cartilages of ribs 7 through 10 anteriorly; Bounded by xiphosternal junction anteriorly. - **Lung (Functions of Skeleton, NOT):** Movement - **Diaphragm Openings:** Aortic, Vena caval, Esophageal - **Ribs (Correct Statements):** Attach posteriorly to thoracic vertebra; First 7 pairs are true ribs; Ribs and cartilages increase in length from 1st to 7th; Last two (11th and 12th) are floating ribs. - **Mediastinum (NOT Located):** Lungs - **Segmental Bronchus + Lung Portion:** Bronchopulmonary segment - **Descending Thoracic Aorta:** Located posterior to the esophagus at the level of the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm. - **Right Vagus Nerve:** Lies at the lateral (right) border of the trachea in the superior mediastinum; Has a recurrent laryngeal branch, which passes posterior to the derivative of the embryonic right 6th aortic arch; Innervates stomach. - **Trachea (True Statement):** Contains cartilage - **Bronchus (Smallest Diameter):** Alveolar ducts - **Lymphatic Drainage of Lungs (Correct Statement):** No lymph vessels are located in the walls of the pulmonary alveoli - **Diaphragmatic Pleura (Central Part Nerve Supply):** Phrenic - **Mediastinum (Superior Structures):** Aortic arch, Trachea, Esophagus, Brachiocephalic vein - **Pulmonary Veins (Incorrect Statement):** Usually they enter the right atrium of the heart. - **Pericardial Sac (Correct Statements):** Has two layers (serous and fibrous); Double-walled sac containing heart and roots of great vessels; Fused to central tendon of the diaphragm. - **Fibrous Pericardium (True Statement):** It extends upward to the level of the sternal angle. - **Lung (Segmental Structure):** Correct - **Pulminary Veins (Return Blood):** Right atrium - **Hilum (Organ with):** Lung, Kidney ### Cerebrospinal Fluid & Nervous System - **Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation:** Subarachnoid space - **Great Cerebral Vein (Correct Statements):** Is one of the large blood vessels in the skull draining the cerebrum (brain); Formed by the two internal cerebral veins and continuing into the sinus rectus; Also known as the "vein of Galen". - **Spinal Cord (Upper Border Projection):** Lower margin of foramen magnum - **Spinal Nerve (Formed by):** Anterior root of spinal cord, Posterior root of spinal cord - **Reflex Arch:** Afferent neuron, Interneurons, Effector, Motor neuron - **Cerebrospinal Fluid Absorption:** Arachnoid villa - **Dorsal Root Ganglia Location:** Intervertebral foramina - **Subarachnoid Space (Nerve Rootlets):** Cauda equina - **Anterior Spinal Artery (Incorrect Statement):** It arises from branches of the internal carotid. - **Epidural Space (Structures):** Spinal nerve roots, Loose connective tissue, Anterior vertebral venous plexus, Posterior vertebral venous plexus - **Pia Mater (Correct Statement):** It continues inferior to the conus medullaris as the filum terminale. - **Lumbar Cistern Contains:** Cauda equina - **Corticonuclear Tract (Parts of Brain):** Genu of internal capsule, Precentral gyrus - **Epidural Space (Anatomical Structures):** Fatty tissue, Venous plexus - **Brain (Liquor Secreting Structures):** Choroid plexus of lateral ventricles, Choroid plexus of 3rd ventricle, Choroid tela of 4th ventricle - **4th Ventricle (Connecting to Subarachnoid Space):** Lateral apertures, Median aperture - **Liquor Flow to Subarachnoid Space:** From 4th ventricle - **Skull Foramina & Related Nerves (Correct Pairs):** Internal acoustic meatus: Nerves intermedius; Foramen jugulare: cranial nerve IX, X, XI. - **Triceps Brachii Nerves:** Radial - **Cerebral Peduncles (Part of Brain):** Midbrain - **Cerebrum (Related Brain Parts):** Insula, Corpus callosum, Rhinencephalon, Basal nuclei - **Telencephalon (Anatomical Structures):** Basal nuclei, Internal capsule, Fornix - **Axillary Artery (Correct Statements):** Gives origin to the thoracoacromion artery; Has the lateral thoracic artery as its first branch; Provides blood supply to the humerus. - **Corpus Callosum (Sulcus Located Between):** Cingulate gyrus - **Cerebral Hemispheres (Inferior Surface Gyri):** Straight gyrus, Orbital gyrus - **Supramarginal Gyrus (Near Sulcus):** Lateral sulcus - **Cortical Motor Center Location:** Precentral gyrus, Paracentral part - **Cortical Centre of General Sensitivity Location:** Postcentral gyrus, Superior parietal lobule - **Coronary Groove:** Great cardiac vein - **Temporal Lobe (Cerebral Hemisphere Gyri):** Transverse temporal gyrus - **Basal Nuclei of Brain:** Corpus striatum, Amygdaloid body, Claustrum - **Amygdaloid Body Localization:** Temporal lobe - **Midbrain (Ventral Decussation Conducting Tract):** Rubrospinal tract - **Internal Capsule (Genu of Conducting Tracts):** Corticonuclear - **Spinal Cord (Posterior Funiculi Conducting Tracts):** Cuneate fasciculus - **Spinal Cord (Lateral Funiculi Conducting Tracts):** Rubrospinal tract - **Internal Capsule (Conducting Tracts):** Projectional fibers - **Brain Nuclei (Medial Lemniscus Forms):** Cuneate nucleus - **Pons (Divides into Tegmentum and Basis):** Trapezoid body - **Pons (Cranial Nerves with Nuclei):** VII CN, VI CN, V CN - **Middle Cerebellar Peduncles (Connects Brain Parts):** Cerebellum, Pons - **Intercostal Neurovascular Bundle (Superior to Inferior):** Vein - artery - nerve - **Inferior Cerebellar Peduncles (Connects Brain Parts):** Myelencephalon, Cerebellum - **Accessory Nerve (Nucleus Localization):** Myelencephalon, Superior segments of spinal cord - **Diencephalon (Anatomical Structures):** Mamillary body, Optic chiasm, Lamina terminalis - **Hypothalamus (Anatomical Structures):** Tuber cinereum, Supraoptic nucleus, Lamina terminalis - **Metathalamus (Anatomical Structures):** Medial geniculate body, Lateral geniculate body - **3rd Ventricle (Walls):** Hypothalamus, Column of fornix, Thalamus - **Midbrain (Structures):** Black substance, Peduncles of brain, Red nucleus - **Subcortical Acoustic Centers:** Medial geniculate body, Inferior colliculi of midbrain ### Visual & Auditory Senses - **Eye (Amount of Light Regulation):** Iris - **Eyeball Layers:** Fibrous layer, Retina, Vascular layer - **Vascular Layer of Eyeball (Structures):** Ciliary zonule, Ciliary body, Ciliary muscles - **Ciliary Zonule Localization:** Attached to ciliary body, Between lens and ciliary body - **Aqueous Humor Production:** Epithelium, covering ciliary body and its processes - **Aqueous Humor Flow:** Scleral venous sinus - **Visual Analyzer (Brain Conducting Tract):** Lateral geniculate body, Occipital lobe of brain, Internal capsule - **Tympanic Cavity (Lateral/Posterior Walls):** Mastoid wall, Membranous wall - **Tympanic Cavity (Labyrinthine Wall Formations):** Promontory, Prominence of facial canal - **Organ of Hearing (Transmitting System):** Auditory ossicles, Tympanic membrane - **Oval Window (Membrane of):** Correct - **Middle Ear (Tensor Tympani/Stapedius Muscles Nerves):** Trigeminal and facial nerves - **Anterior Semicircular Duct Orientation:** Perpendicular to longitudinal axis of pyramid - **Femoral Triangle Makeup:** Medial border of the adductor longus muscle, Inguinal ligament, Medial border of the sartorius muscle - **Papillae of Tongue:** Foliate papillae, Filiform Papillae, Fungiform Papillae, Circumvallate Papillae - **Organ of Vision (Vessels and Nerves):** Central artery of retina, Branches of ophthalmic nerve, Oculomotor nerve - **Vestibulocochlear Organ (Vessels):** Branch of internal carotid artery, Branch of external carotid artery, Veins running into external jugular vein, Veins running into retromandibular vein, Branch of maxillary artery - **Auditory Tube (Vessels and Nerves):** Anterior tympanic artery, Branch of ascending pharyngeal artery, Veins running into pharyngeal venous plexus, Branch of glossopharyngeal nerve - **Oculomotor Nerve (Passage Sites):** Lateral wall of cavernous sinus, Superior orbital fissure - **Oculomotor Nerve (Inferior Branch Innervates):** Inferior rectus, Medial rectus, Inferior oblique - **Trochlear Nerve (Innervates):** Superior oblique - **Abducent Nerve (Innervates):** Lateral rectus - **Ciliary Ganglion (Sensory Fibres Nerve):** Nasociliary nerve - **Ophthalmic Nerve (Branches):** Lacrimal nerve, Frontal nerve, Nasociliary nerve - **Mandibular Nerve (Branches):** Buccal nerve, Auriculotemporal nerve, Lingual nerve, Inferior alveolar nerve - **Greater Petrosal Nerve (Leaves Facial Canal):** Hiatus of canal of greater petrosal nerve - **Pterygoid Canal (Nerves Forming):** Greater petrosal nerve, Deep petrosal nerve - **Ear (Inner Part Structures):** Semicircular canal, Cochlea, Vestibule, Organ of Corti - **Cochlea (Specifically Associated with):** Organ of Corti - **Occipital Lobe (Vision Detected in):** Correct - **Auditory Ossicle Nearest Tympanic Membrane:** Malleus - **Rubrospinal Tract Originates in:** Red nucleus, Midbrain - **Fovea Centralis (Photoreceptors Concentrated):** Cones - **Near Objects (Focusing Function):** Lens - **Cochlear Duct Contains:** Endolymph - **Blind Spot:** Optic disc - **Light Rays Pass Through:** Cornea, Lens, Vitreous body, Aqueous humor - **Auditory Pathway (Nervous Impulse Ends):** Temporal lobe - **Eyeball (Middle/Vascular Tunic):** Choroid - **Fluid (Cleans/Lubricates Eyeball):** Lacrimal gland - **Internal Carotid Artery (Indicated by 2):** Correct - **M. Tensoris Tympani (Indicated by 3):** Correct - **Tuba Auditiva (Indicated by 5):** Correct - **Caput Mallei (Indicated by 4):** Correct - **Scala Vestibule (Indicated by 3):** Correct - **Scala Tympani (Indicated by 5):** Correct - **Ductus Cochlearis (Indicated by 4):** Correct - **Organum Spirale Corti (Indicated by 1):** Correct - **Lamina Spiralis Ossea (Indicated by 2):** Correct - **Canalis Semicircularis Anterior (Indicated by 2):** Correct - **Canalis Semicircularis Posterior (Indicated by 4):** Correct - **Canalis Semicircularis Lateralis (Indicated by 3):** Correct - **Sulcus Nervi Petrosi Majoris (Indicated by 5):** Correct - **Porus Acusticus Internus (Indicated by 1):** Correct - **Cupula Cochleae (Indicated by 2):** Correct - **Vestibulum (Indicated by 4):** Correct - **Cochleae (Indicated by 3):** Correct - **Recessus Ellipticus (Indicated by 5):** Correct - **Recessus Sphericus (Indicated by 1):** Correct - **A. Ciliaris Posterior Longa (Indicated by 2):** Correct - **A. Centralis Retinae (Indicated by 3):** Correct - **Angulus Iridocornealis (Indicated by 4):** Correct - **A. Ciliaris Posterior Breves (Indicated by 5):** Correct - **V. Vorticosa (Indicated by 1):** Correct - **Glandula Lacrimalis (Indicated by 5):** Correct - **Ductuli Excretorii Glandulae Lacrimalis (Indicated by 4):** Correct - **Canaliculi Lacrimales (Indicated by 1):** Correct - **Saccus Lacrimalis (Indicated by 3):** Correct - **Meatus Nasi Inferior (Indicated by 2):** Correct - **Spatia Anguli Iridis (Indicated by 5):** Correct - **Capsula Lentis (Indicated by 1):** Correct - **M. Ciliaris (Indicated by 4):** Correct - **Fibrae Zonulares (Indicated by 2):** Correct - **Processus Ciliaris (Indicated by 3):** Correct - **Fossa Triangularis (Indicated by 5):** Correct - **Helix (Indicated by 2):** Correct - **Antitragus (Indicated by 4):** Correct - **Tragus (Indicated by 1):** Correct - **Pars Tensa (Indicated by 3):** Correct - **N. Auriculotemporalis (Indicated by 2):** Correct - **N. Auricularis Magnus (Indicated by 1):** Correct - **N. Mentalis (Indicated by 5):** Correct - **N. Supraorbitalis (Indicated by 3):** Correct - **N. Zygomaticotemporalis (Indicated by 4):** Correct - **N. Hypoglossus (Indicated by 3):** Correct - **N. Alveolaris Inferior (Indicated by 5):** Correct ### Digestive, Urinary & Reproductive Systems - **Coronary Arteries (Correct Statements):** They arise from the right and left aortic sinuses. - **Left Ventricle (Incorrect Statement):** It forms the base of the heart. - **Left Atrium (Incorrect Statement):** It receives the pulmonary arteries. - **Right Ventricle (Characteristic):** It gives origin to the pulmonary trunk. - **Heart (Chambers Correctly Describes):** The superior vena cava opens into the right atrium. - **Heart (Incorrect Statement):** An anterior surface formed mainly by the left atrium. - **Epicardium (Arterial Blood Supply):** Coronary arteries - **Celiac Trunk (First Branch):** Left gastric - **Right Atrium (Structures, EXCEPT):** Trabeculae carneae - **Right Gastric Artery (Branch of):** Gastroduodenal - **Kidney (Located with):** Pyramid, Collecting tubule, Minor calyx - **Semen (Not Contribute to):** Corpus spongiosum - **Duodenum (Statement is true):** Begins at the pylorus, Consists of 4 parts. - **Unpaired Cartilages:** Epiglottis, Cricoid cartilage, Thyroid cartilage - **Transverse Colon (Between Ascending and):** Correct - **Kidney, Lung, Liver (Segmental Structure):** Correct - **Male Urethra (Encircles):** Prostate gland - **Fertilization Site:** Uterine tubes - **Sperm Course (Origin to Exterior):** Seminiferous tubules, efferent ductules, duct of epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra - **Right Colic Flexure:** Ascending colon and transverse colon - **Digestive System (NOT Part of):** Spleen - **Spermatic Duct (NOT):** Bile duct - **Uterus (Parts of):** Fundus, Cervix, Body - **Small Intestine (True Statements):** Terminates at the ileocecal junction, Mostly intraperitoneal, Begins at the pylorus, Includes the jejunum - **Colon (True Statements):** Right flexure below the liver, Has taeniae coli - **Mesocolon (Transverse Posterior Attachment):** Second portion of the duodenum - **Psoas Major Muscle (Inserts onto):** Lesser trochanter - **Right Suprarenal Vein (Drains into):** Inferior vena cava - **Renal Column (Structures):** Interlobar arteries - **Water/Dissolved Materials Reabsorption:** Straight and convoluted tubules - **Gallbladder (Correct Statement):** Its epithelium concentrates the contents of the gallbladder. - **Falciform Ligament (Correct Statement):** It extends from the umbilicus to the liver. - **Anterior Surface of Liver (Lies against, EXCEPT):** Spleen - **Celiac Trunk & Superior Mesenteric Artery (Structures Between):** Duodenum and pancreas - **Blood Drained Directly from Kidneys by:** Renal veins - **Uterine Body (Rounded Portion Superior to Uterine Tubes):** Fundus - **Alimentary Canal (NOT Part of):** Spleen - **Portal Vein:** Mostly formed by the splenic and superior mesenteric veins - **Cystic Duct Joins:** Hepatic to form common bile duct - **Celiac Trunk Arteries:** Gastroduodenal, Left gastroepiploic, Right gastric, Superior pancreaticoduodenal - **First Part of Duodenum (Correct Statement):** It is surrounded by the hepatoduodenal ligament - **Second Portion of Duodenum (Crossed by):** Transverse colon - **Middle Colic Artery (Correct Statement):** It is a branch of the superior mesenteric artery. - **Greater Duodenal Papilla (Correct Statement):** It is continued below by the longitudinal fold of the duodenum. - **Pancreas (Lower Left Portion Head Artery):** Superior mesenteric - **Portal Vein (Formed by):** Superior mesenteric and splenic veins unite behind neck of pancreas - **Tail of Pancreas (Enters):** Ilienorenal ligament - **Umbilical Vein (Obliterated Remains):** Ligamentum teres hepatis - **Hepatoduodenal Ligament Transmits:** Portal vein - **Cystic Artery Arises From:** Right hepatic artery - **Hepatic Veins Drain Into:** Inferior vena cava - **Portal Vein Ascends:** Lesser omentum - **Vermiform Appendix (Correct Statement):** Has a small mesentery - **M. Abductor Digiti Minimi (Indicated by 1):** Correct - **M. Flexor Digitorum Brevis (Indicated by 2):** Correct - **M. Abductor Hallucis (Indicated by 5):** Correct - **M. Pectineus (Indicated by 1):** Correct - **M. Adductor Longus (Indicated by 2):** Correct - **M. Vastus Medialis (Indicated by 3):** Correct - **M. Vastus Lateralis (Indicated by 4):** Correct - **M. Vastus Intermedius (Indicated by 5):** Correct - **M. Semispinalis Capitis (Indicated by 10):** Correct - **M. Subscapularis (Indicated by 1):** Correct - **M. Triceps Brachii (Indicated by 2):** Correct - **M. Brachioradialis (Indicated by 3):** Correct - **M. Biceps Brachii (Indicated by 4):** Correct - **M. Scalenus Anterior (Indicated by 4):** Correct - **M. Longissimus Capitis (Indicated by 5):** Correct - **M. Sternocleidomastoideus (Indicated by 1):** Correct - **M. Splenius Capitis (Indicated by 2):** Correct - **M. Levator Scapulae (Indicated by 3):** Correct - **M. Splenius Cervicis (Indicated by 8):** Correct - **M. Digastricus Venter Anterior (Indicated by 1):** Correct - **Platysma (Indicated by 5):** Correct - **M. Pectoralis Major (Indicated by 1):** Correct - **M. Serratus Anterior (Indicated by 2):** Correct - **M. Rectus Abdominis (Indicated by 3):** Correct - **Plica Umbilicalis Medialis (Indicated by 1):** Correct - **Fossa Inguinalis Medialis (Indicated by 13):** Correct - **M. Opponens Digiti Minimi (Indicated by 1):** Correct - **M. Adductor Pollicis Caput Transversum (Indicated by 2):** Correct - **M. Adductor Pollicis Caput Obliquum (Indicated by 3):** Correct - **M. Flexor Pollicis Brevis Caput Superficiale (Indicated by 4):** Correct - **M. Opponens Pollicis (Indicated by 5):** Correct - **Lig. Capitis Fibulae Anterius (Indicated by 3):** Correct - **Lig. Collaterale Fibulare (Indicated by 4):** Correct - **Retinaculum Patellae Laterale (Indicated by 5):** Correct - **Retinaculum Patellae Mediale (Indicated by 11):** Correct - **Lig. Collaterale Tibiale (Indicated by 12):** Correct - **Lig. Patellae (Indicated by 13):** Correct - **M. Constrictor Pharyngis Inferior (Indicated by 1):** Correct - **M. Omohyoideus Venter Superior (Indicated by 2):** Correct - **M. Scalenus Posterior (Indicated by 3):** Correct - **Lig. Sacroiliacum Posterius (Indicated by 11):** Correct - **Lig. Iliofemorale (Indicated by 14):** Correct - **Lig. Sacrotuberale (Indicated by 16):** Correct - **Membrana Obturatoria (Indicated by 17):** Correct - **Meniscus Lateralis (Indicated by 5):** Correct - **Lig. Collaterale Fibulare (Indicated by 6):** Correct - **Lig. Cruciatum Posterius (Indicated by 9):** Correct - **Lig. Cruciatum Anterius (Indicated by 10):** Correct - **Lig. Transversum Genu (Indicated by 13):** Correct - **Lig. Patellae (Indicated by 15):** Correct - **Lig. Bifurcatum (Indicated by 14, 15):** Correct - **Articulatio Talocruralis (Indicated by 18):** Correct