Fraudulent Charities: Fake charities collecting donations.

Warning Signs: Claiming you're a previous donor, only accepting cash/crypto.

Credit Card Fraud: Stealing card info (phishing, Dark Web, cloning).

Stock Market Manipulation: Price rigging, insider trading, pump-and-dump schemes. E.g., Satyam Computer Services scandal.

Bank Frauds: Loan frauds, cheque frauds, forged documents, unauthorized transactions. E.g., Nirav Modi-PNB scam.

Human-based Social Engineering: Person-to-person interaction.
- Impersonating an employee/valid user: Posing as an insider.
- Posing as important user: Pretending to be CEO/Manager.
- Using a third person: Claiming permission from authorized source.
- Calling technical support: Obtaining info from help desk.
- Shoulder surfing: Gathering info by watching over someone's shoulder.
- Dumpster diving: Looking for info in trash.
Computer-based Social Engineering: Using computer/software/internet.
- Fake emails (Phishing): Sending deceptive emails for sensitive info.
- Email attachments: Malicious code in attachments.
- Pop-up windows: Luring clicks on special offers to install malware.

Malware Attacks: Malicious software causing harm to computer/network.
- Used to steal personal, financial, or business information.

Adware: Displays (malicious) ads.
Viruses: Infects computers, corrupts files, destroys OS.
Worms: Self-replicating, spreads to other systems, exhausts resources.
Trojans: Masquerades as harmless program, steals data, allows remote control.
Bots: Infected computers become part of botnet for DDoS attacks.
Keyloggers: Captures keystrokes (URLs, credentials, personal info).
RAT (Remote Access Tools): Enables remote access/control of device.
Downloaders: Download other malware.