Greedy Strategy (by Points/kg, descending):

Knife: 2kg, 12 pts (Remaining: 33kg)
Emergency light: 5kg, 8 pts (Remaining: 28kg)
Rope: 10kg, 10 pts (Remaining: 18kg)
Medicines: 10kg, 10 pts (Remaining: 8kg)
Sleeping bag: Cannot take fully (15kg). Take 8kg portion? (If items are divisible, otherwise skip). If not divisible, then skip sleeping bag and glucose.

If items are indivisible (0/1 Knapsack): A dynamic programming approach is needed for guaranteed optimal solution, which is complex to present here. A common heuristic would be:

Knife (2kg, 12pt)
Emergency light (5kg, 8pt)
Rope (10kg, 10pt)
Medicines (10kg, 10pt)
Total Weight: $2+5+10+10 = 27kg$
Total Points: $12+8+10+10 = 40pts$
Remaining capacity: $35 - 27 = 8kg$. No other full item fits.

Optimal subset (requires DP calculation):

Knife (2kg, 12pt)
Emergency light (5kg, 8pt)
Sleeping bag (15kg, 15pt)
Medicines (10kg, 10pt)
Total Weight: $2+5+15+10 = 32kg$
Total Points: $12+8+15+10 = 45pts$

This combination provides higher points within the weight limit.

Engineering Application for Blood Purification:

Application: Dialysis machine (Hemodialysis or Peritoneal Dialysis).
Discussion:
- Bioinspiration: The kidneys' function of filtering waste products, excess water, and solutes from blood.
- Working Principle (Hemodialysis): Blood is drawn from the patient and pumped through a dialyzer (artificial kidney). The dialyzer contains a semipermeable membrane that separates blood from a dialysis fluid. Waste products (urea, creatinine, excess salts) and water diffuse from the blood into the dialysis fluid, while essential substances are retained in the blood. The purified blood is then returned to the patient.
- Engineering Aspects: Pumps (blood and dialysate), semipermeable membranes, precise fluid balance control, real-time monitoring of blood chemistry and pressure, anticoagulant delivery.

Technology Inspired by Human Brain/Biological Neural Networks:

Technology: Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Deep Learning.
Discussion:
- Inspiration: The structure and function of the human brain's biological neural networks (BNNs), particularly how neurons process and transmit signals.
- Working: ANNs consist of interconnected nodes (artificial neurons) organized in layers. Each connection has a weight, analogous to synaptic strength. Input signals are processed, weighted, and passed through activation functions. The network learns by adjusting these weights during training, minimizing errors between predicted and actual outputs.
- Applications: Image recognition, natural language processing, speech recognition, medical diagnosis, autonomous driving, financial forecasting.

a) Precautions for BSL-1, BSL-2, BSL-3, BSL-4:

BSL-1: Basic PPE (lab coats, gloves), handwashing, no eating/drinking, standard microbiological practices.
BSL-2: BSL-1 + Biosafety Cabinet (BSC) for aerosol-generating procedures, limited access, autoclave for waste.