Rules:

Predefined:

Keywords: Reserved words (e.g., if, for, end). Cannot be variable names.

Row Vector: v = [e1 e2 e3] or v = [e1, e2, e3].
Column Vector: v = [e1; e2; e3] or v = [e1; e2; e3] (pressing Enter after each element).
Constant Spacing:
- v = m:q:n: Start $m$, increment $q$, end $n$.
- v = m:n: Increment 1 (default).
Linear Spacing: v = linspace(xi, xf, n): $n$ elements between $xi$ and $xf$.
Matrix: M = [r1c1 r1c2; r2c1 r2c2] (semicolon for new row).
Special Matrices:
- zeros(m,n): $m \times n$ matrix of zeros.
- ones(m,n): $m \times n$ matrix of ones.
- eye(n): $n \times n$ identity matrix.

Vector: v(k): $k$-th element.
Matrix: M(k,p): Element in row $k$, column $p$.
Colon Operator:
- v(:): All elements of vector $v$.
- v(m:n): Elements $m$ through $n$.
- M(:,n): All rows of column $n$.
- M(n,:): All columns of row $n$.
- M(m:n,p:q): Elements in rows $m$ to $n$, columns $p$ to $q$.
Specific Elements/Rows/Cols: v([i1 i2 i3]) or M([r1 r2],[c1 c2]).

Addition/Subtraction: A + B, A - B (arrays must be same size). Scalar addition/subtraction applies to all elements.
Multiplication: A * B (inner dimensions must agree).
- Row vector * Column vector = Scalar (dot product).
- Column vector * Row vector = Matrix.
- Scalar * Array: Multiplies each element.
Division:
- Left Division ($\backslash$): X = A \ B