Magnanimous: Very generous or forgiving, especially toward a rival or less powerful person. Example: The magnanimous gesture of forgiveness.

Pusillanimous: Showing a lack of courage or determination; timid. Example: A pusillanimous response to a challenge.

Cynical: Believing that people are motivated by self-interest; distrustful of human sincerity or integrity. Example: A cynical view of human nature.

Skeptical: Not easily convinced; having doubts or reservations. Example: It's wise to be skeptical of unverified claims.

Credulous: Having or showing too great a readiness to believe things. Example: The advertisement targeted credulous consumers.

Disparate: Essentially different in kind; not able to be compared. Example: Bringing together disparate ideas to form a new concept.

Homogeneous: Of the same kind; alike. Example: A culturally homogeneous society may lack diversity.

Heterogeneous: Diverse in character or content. Example: A heterogeneous mix of students in the classroom.

Docile: Ready to accept control or instruction; submissive. Example: Docile animals are easier to train.

Obdurate: Stubbornly refusing to change one's opinion or course of action. Example: His obdurate stance on the issue made negotiations difficult.

Capricious: Given to sudden and unaccountable changes of mood or behavior. Example: The weather in this region is notoriously capricious.

Fickle: Changing frequently, especially as regards one's loyalties, interests, or affection. Example: The fickle nature of public opinion can influence elections.

Pragmatic: Dealing with things sensibly and realistically in a way that is based on practical rather than theoretical considerations. Example: A pragmatic approach to problem-solving focuses on practical solutions.

Idealistic: Characterized by idealism; unrealistically aiming for perfection. Example: While idealistic, her vision inspired many.

Dogmatic: Inclined to lay down principles as incontrovertibly true. Example: Avoid dogmatic statements in academic discussions.

Complacent: Showing smug or uncritical satisfaction with oneself or one's achievements. Example: A complacent attitude can lead to stagnation.

10. Words for Difficulty & Challenge (for IELTS Speaking & Writing)

Arduous: Involving or requiring strenuous effort; difficult and tiring. Example: Learning a new language can be an arduous but rewarding process.
Formidable: Inspiring fear or respect through being impressively large, powerful, intense, or capable. Example: Facing a formidable challenge requires courage.
Onerous: (Of a task or responsibility) involving an amount of effort and difficulty that is oppressively burdensome. Example: The administrative tasks can be quite onerous.
Exacting: Making great demands on one's skill, attention, or other resources. Example: The IELTS exam is an exacting test of English proficiency.
Intractable: Hard to control or deal with. Example: Intractable problems often require innovative solutions.
Insidious: Proceeding in a gradual, subtle way, but with harmful effects. Example: The insidious effects of stress on health.
Pernicious: Having a harmful effect, especially in a gradual or subtle way. Example: The pernicious impact of pollution on ecosystems.
Tenacious: Tending to keep a firm hold of something; clinging or adhering closely. Figurative: Not readily relinquishing a position, principle, or course o