An area may experience a natural disaster known as a flood when it receives an unusually excessive amount of rainfall. When it rains heavily for several days such that it exceeds the holding capacity of the soil, then the water starts accumulating over the land. It is known as water logging. Eventually, this condition leads to rivers and ponds overflowing and land submerging. This situation is called a flood.

Water logging and floods can displace air in the soil, affecting subterranean life, including earthworms and snakes. In addition, the absence of air and excess water can degrade the roots of plants, leading to their death and ruining crops.

Droughts

When an area experiences insufficient rainfall for consecutive seasons, coupled with abnormally dry weather, it can result in a prolonged drought.
Drought can be characterised by dried soil with visibly large cracks in it.
Drought can be characterised by dried soil with visibly large cracks in it. Drought-up rivers, lakes, ponds, etc. Due to scarcity of water, the land becomes infertile, eventually leading to shortage of food and fodder. It also adversely affected, which leads to a shortage of food and fodder. It also adversely affects animal life in many ways, one of which is the death of animals due to thirst and hunger. Thus, the loss of food and water leads to poor health conditions affecting the ecosystem.

Droughts and Floods

As much as water is essential to us, it can also be detrimental to life in both its absence and abundance.
It can be used to increase the groundwater level in aquifers.
It reduces the runoff of loss of rainfall and prevents flooding in urban areas.
It provides increased water supply for agricultural purposes, thereby enhancing the crop yield.
It provides water supply during the dry months of the year.

Water Management

World Water Day is celebrated each year on $22^{nd}$ of March to increase awareness among people about the importance, need and conservation of water. This day was formally proposed at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1992 and the first World Water Day was celebrated by the United Nations General Assembly in 1993.
Each year, an annual theme is selected by UN-Water and the day is celebrated to highlight the importance of water. Activities are organised, such as musical celebrations, educational events, excursions to local waterbodies and campaigns, to raise funds for access to clean water. In 2022, the theme was 'Groundwater - Making the Invisible Visible' and it was focused on the conservation of groundwater.
Of the entire world's water supply, less than approximately 1% is available for human use. Considering that 100 litres are the total amount of water in the world, about half a tablespoon of it is available for consumption. Each year, the human population increases by around 75 million, putting immense pressure on the already dwindling supply of freshwater. The scarcity of water can be overcome by water management, which includes the conservation of water, minimising wastage and reusing wastewater.
Water management helps in lowering water and sewer-related costs, better irrigation practices, especially during summers, saving energy and thus leading to environmental preservation.

Water Consumption Can Be Drastically Reduced by Making Minor Lifestyle Changes

Remember to turn off the tap while brushing your teeth. A running tap wastes 6 litres of water per minute.
Use dual flush toilets which gives a choice of how much water to use.
Use a low-flow showerhead as it reduces the amount of water used during a bath.
Turn off the shower when soaping, then