Fine Motor Refinement: Improving dexterity for self-care skills (dressing, eating with utensils) and creative expression (drawing, cutting with scissors).

Body Awareness: Developing a clearer sense of one's body in space and its capabilities, often through physical play and exploration.

Physical Imitation: Learning new actions by observing and copying others (e.g., mimicking adult chores, playing 'follow the leader').

Bruner's Enactive & Iconic Representation (Action & Image-based):

Expected Role: "Physical Storyteller." Children use physical actions to represent ideas and develop mental images of movements and objects.
Developmental Tasks:
- Physical Play: Engaging in imaginative and dramatic play that involves physical actions (e.g., pretending to be an animal, building forts, acting out stories).
- Motor Planning: Mentally rehearsing and executing sequences of movements (e.g., planning a route on a playground obstacle course).
- Sensory-Motor Integration: Using visual and auditory cues to guide more complex motor actions (e.g., catching a ball thrown from a distance).

Middle Childhood (6-12 years)

Piaget's Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years):
- Expected Role: "Skilled Performer and Rule-Bound Athlete." Physical abilities are integrated with emerging logical thought, allowing for participation in structured games and understanding physical laws in a concrete way.
- Developmental Tasks:
  - Sport-Specific Skills: Acquiring and refining complex motor skills required for organized sports (e.g., batting, dribbling, swimming strokes, gymnastics routines).
  - Enhanced Coordination & Balance: Significant improvements in eye-hand/foot coordination, agility, and dynamic balance, leading to more fluid and precise movements.
  - Physical Problem-Solving with Logic: Applying logical thought to physical challenges (e.g., understanding why a certain strategy works in a game, or how to balance an object).
  - Body Image Development: Developing a more realistic understanding of one's physical capabilities and appearance in comparison to peers, impacting self-esteem.
Bruner's Iconic & Symbolic Representation (Image & Language-based):
- Expected Role: "Strategist in Physical Domains." Children can mentally represent and strategize about physical actions and outcomes, and communicate about them using language.
- Developmental Tasks:
  - Game Strategy: Understanding and applying complex rules and strategies in team sports and competitive games, requiring both physical execution and cognitive planning.
  - Physical Self-Assessment: Critically evaluating one's own physical performance, identifying areas for improvement, and adjusting actions based on feedback and analysis.
  - Learning through Instruction: Benefiting from verbal and written instructions for physical tasks (e.g., following steps to learn a new dance, reading instructions for assembling a model).

Adolescence (12-18 years)

Piaget's Formal Operational Stage (11+ years):
- Expected Role: "Abstract Physical Thinker and Self-Directed Body Manager." Adolescents can think hypothetically about physical possibilities, an