Emphasizes that effective leadership depends on a match between leader's style and situational demands.
Assumptions: Leadership style is fixed; situational favorableness determines leader influence.

Least Preferred Co-worker (LPC) Questionnaire: Tool to identify leader's style (relationship-oriented vs. task-oriented).
High LPC score: Relationship-oriented leader.
Low LPC score: Task-oriented leader.

Three situational factors determine leader's control:
1. Leader-Member Relations: Level of trust, respect, confidence between leader and team.
2. Task Structure: Extent to which task is clearly defined.
3. Position Power: Authority granted to the leader.

Task-oriented leaders (Low LPC) perform best in highly favorable or highly unfavorable situations.
Relationship-oriented leaders (High LPC) perform best in moderately favorable situations.

Situation Characteristics	Leader-Member Relations	Task Structure	Position Power	Favorableness of the Situation	Effective Leadership Style
1. Very Favorable	Good	High	Strong	Highly Favorable	Task-Oriented (Low LPC)
2. Moderately Favorable (High Control)	Good	High	Weak	Moderately Favorable	Relationship-Oriented (High LPC)
3. Moderately Favorable (Low Control)	Good	Low	Strong	Moderately Favorable	Relationship-Oriented (High LPC)
4. Very Unfavorable	Poor	Low	Weak	Highly Unfavorable	Task-Oriented (Low LPC)

Favorable situations: Task-oriented leaders excel due to focus on goals, strong support, structured tasks.
Moderately favorable situations: Relationship-oriented leaders excel by building trust, cohesion.
Unfavorable situations: Task-oriented leaders are effective due to emphasis on direction, task completion.

Hersey & Blanchard Situational Leadership Model
- Leadership effectiveness depends on adapting style to follower maturity.
- Key Components:
  - Leadership Styles: Telling (High Task, Low Relationship), Selling (High Task, High Relationship), Participating (Low Task, High Relationship), Delegating (Low Task, Low Relationship).
  - Follower Maturity: Defined by ability and willingness to complete a task.
Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Model
- Emphasizes quality of leader-subordinate relationship; forms "in-groups" and "out-groups."
- Key Components:
  - In-Group: Close, trusted relatio