Launch: Launched by Mahatma Gandhi.

Purpose: Protest against the Simon Commission; form of non-cooperation to pressure British government to accept Indian demands.

Beginning: Famous Dandi March on March 12, 1930.

Dandi March: Gandhi left Sabarmati Ashram with 78 delegates.

Symbolism: Making salt was a symbol of refusal to live under British-made laws.

Dates: March 12 to April 6, 1930.
Route: Gandhi and 78 followers marched 241 miles from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi (coastal town in Gujarat).
Action: Marchers broke the Salt Act by making salt from seawater.
Nature: Direct-action campaign against the British salt monopoly.
Repression: British arrested over 60,000 people. Gandhi was arrested on May 5, but the Satyagraha continued.

Monopoly: Salt law led to British monopoly on salt production and distribution, increasing prices and adding tax.
Denial of Access: People were denied access to natural salt; tons of natural salt were destroyed.
Impact on Local Industry: Attacked local salt industry in villages.
Significance: Extremely unpopular, became a crucial issue in the struggle.

Mass Participation: Widespread involvement from peasants, workers, students, women, merchants.
Enthusiasm & Patriotism: High fervor, active participation in protests, boycotts.
Women's Participation: Significant role, participating in protests, picketing, facing imprisonment.
Regional Variations: Strong in Gujarat, Bengal, North-West Frontier Province.
Muslim Participation: Less widespread compared to Non-Cooperation Movement.

Repression & Arrests: Government responded with repression, arresting thousands, including Gandhi.
Ordinances & Restrictions: Imposed ordinances to curb movement, banning gatherings, censoring press.
Negotiations & Concessions: Faced with resistance, government agreed to negotiate with Gandhi and INC.

Handwork: Represented handwork, not idealizing machinery.
Dignity of Labor: Gave value to physical work; individuals labored with their own hands.
Affordability & Self-Sufficiency: Minimal investment, affordable for everyone, boosted small-scale industries, revived handicrafts.
Social Impact: Honored manual work, encouraged self-reliance, challenged caste system.
Economic Resistance: Means to exclude British imported clothing.
Recruitment: Spinning Khadi was a significant part of Gandhi's constructive efforts, especially for recruiting women.
Overall: Charkha emerged as an emblem of Indian nationalism.

Other Names: India August Movement, August Kranti.
Launch: Officially launched by the Indian National Congress (INC) led by Mahatma Gandhi on August 9, 1942.
Slogans: 'Quit India' or 'Bharat Choro'.
Gandhi's Call: 'Do or die' / 'Karenge ya Marenge'.
Nature: Peaceful non-violent movement aimed at urging British to grant India independence.
Resolution: Passed by the Congress Working Committee on August 8, 1942, in Bombay.<