Chemical Engineering Exam Review

Cheatsheet Content

I. Fundamental Concepts & Definitions Polymer Production: Difference between polymer produced in solution and polymer obtained via interfacial polymerization. Structure of polymer produced via bulk polymerization. Reverse Osmosis (RO) Process: State the working principle. Draw the structure of the RO membrane. Definitions: Resistance and Resistivity Define Conductance and Specific Conductance Define major mechanisms responsible for global warming. Battery Systems: Enlist the types of gases for climate change. Give schematic diagram on types of batteries (IOB) for electric vehicles. Enlist good and efficient criteria for sensor technology. State structural requirements in polymers that enable electrical conduction. Polymer Applications: Illustrate how N-type or P-type doping enhances conductivity through the reactions. Explain types of polymer for following applications: Scuba Diving goggles Security body-armor Civilian aircraft OLAD Agriculture field Structure of Kevlar: Explain two principles of green chemistry. Justify the greener approach more preferred over the traditional approach of synthesis. II. Vibrational Modes & Molecular Structure Calculate number of fundamental modes of vibrations for given molecules: $PCl_5$, $NH_3$, $HCl$, $CO_2$, $H_2O$, $C_6H_6$, $N_2O$, $CH_3Cl$, $C_2H_2$, $CH_4$ Suggest possible electronic transitions in compounds: $CH_3COOH$, $CH_3CHO$, $CH_3CN$, $CH_3COCH_3$, $C_6H_6$, $CH_3CH_2OH$ $CH_3-COOH$, $CH_3-CO-CH_3$, $CH_3-NH_2$, $C_6H_6$, $CH_3-OH$, $C_2H_4$, $CH_3-Cl$, $C_2H_6$ Identify four sources of physical property measurement, their parameters, and how to measure them. III. Electrochemistry & Thermodynamics Electric Vehicle Batteries: Principle of operation, advantages. Atomic Economy: Calculate for $O_2$ as desired product. (Given molar masses for $O=16$, $C=12$, $Ca=40$, $N=14$, $H=1$, $S=32$, $Cl=35.5$) $4CuO \rightarrow 2Cu_2O + O_2$ $CaCO_3 \rightarrow CaO + CO_2$ Copper Extraction: Calculate atomic economy for reaction $CuO + H_2 \rightarrow Cu + H_2O$. Iron Oxidation: Calculate product weight for $Fe + O_2 \rightarrow Fe_2O_3$. (Given $Fe=56$, $O=16$) Phenolphthalein Sample: Calculate $pH$ of sample. ($7.8$ mL of $0.05$ N $HCl$ to reach endpoint, $18.2$ mL to reach methyl orange endpoint.) Combustion Calorimetry: Determine amount of heat released and enthalpy of combustion for various samples. Calculate energy equivalent of calorimeter. Calculate %N in sample. Nylon 6,6 Synthesis: Calculate amount of adipic acid needed ($20\%$ yield). IV. Water & Environmental Chemistry Underground Water Sources: Discuss industrial boiler contaminants and their removal. Water Contamination: Explain methods for removing high amounts of $MgSO_4$, $MgCl_2$, impurities when softened using the zeolite method. Give the softening reactions. Water Impurities: Explain methods for removing high amounts of $CaSO_4$, $CaCO_3$, impurities when softened using the zeolite method. Give the softening reactions. Water Hardness: Explain methods for removing high amounts of $CaSO_4$, $CaCO_3$, $MgSO_4$, $MgCl_2$ impurities when softened using the zeolite method. Give the softening reactions. Mention the name of the solution which is used to maintain $pH_7$. V. Spectroscopy & Polymers NMR Spectroscopy: Mention the name of the solution which is used to maintain $pH_7$. IR Spectroscopy: Mention the name of the solution which is used to maintain $pH_7$. Electronic Transitions: Suggest possible electronic transitions in compounds: $CH_3COOH$, $CH_3CHO$, $CH_3CN$, $CH_3COCH_3$, $C_6H_6$, $CH_3CH_2OH$ $CH_3-COOH$, $CH_3-CO-CH_3$, $CH_3-NH_2$, $C_6H_6$, $CH_3-OH$, $C_2H_4$, $CH_3-Cl$, $C_2H_6$ Ethanol Manufacturing: How much ethanol is formed from certain mass of propane, alcohol? Write the preparation reaction of ethanol. State the purification method of impure ethanol. Methane Reforming: Explain how the fuel of the future can be produced by steam reforming of methane and water. Provide the respective reactions along with the suitable reaction conditions. Fuel Cell Synthesis: Formulate the procedure for fuel cell's proximate analysis. Give its significance. Demonstrate the construction and working of an $H_2-O_2$ fuel cell with a labeled diagram, include the cell reactions, and mention its applications. State the appropriate device for measuring: Device with more charge cycle with low maintenance Device to monitor health of EV batteries Device used for measuring atmospheric pressure Device used for detecting heat Device which produces power as a byproduct Device used for detecting LPG leakage Demonstrate the construction and working of an $H_2-O_2$ fuel cell with a labeled diagram, include the cell reactions, and mention its applications. Explain the advantages and disadvantages associated with the construction and working of Li-ion batteries.