ENT MBBS Syllabus
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I. Anatomy & Physiology A. Ear Anatomy: External ear, middle ear, inner ear (bony & membranous labyrinth), Eustachian tube, facial nerve course. Physiology: Mechanism of hearing, balance (vestibular system), Eustachian tube function. B. Nose & Paranasal Sinuses Anatomy: External nose, nasal cavity (septum, turbinates, meatuses), paranasal sinuses (maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid), blood supply, nerve supply. Physiology: Olfaction, respiration, humidification, warming of air, voice resonance. C. Pharynx & Larynx Anatomy: Nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, tonsils (palatine, adenoids, lingual), larynx (cartilages, muscles, vocal cords, nerve supply). Physiology: Swallowing (deglutition), speech (phonation), respiration, protection of airway. D. Neck Anatomy: Triangles of the neck, major vessels, nerves (cranial nerves VII, IX, X, XI, XII), salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, sublingual), thyroid and parathyroid glands. II. Clinical Examination & Investigations A. Ear History taking: Hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, ear discharge, earache. Examination: Otoscopy (external auditory canal, tympanic membrane), tuning fork tests (Rinne, Weber), fistula test. Investigations: Pure tone audiometry, impedance audiometry (tympanometry, acoustic reflex), BERA, otoacoustic emissions, caloric test, electronystagmography. B. Nose & Paranasal Sinuses History taking: Nasal obstruction, discharge, epistaxis, facial pain, anosmia. Examination: Anterior rhinoscopy, posterior rhinoscopy, nasal endoscopy. Investigations: X-ray PNS (Waters, Caldwell, Lateral views), CT PNS, MRI. C. Pharynx & Larynx History taking: Sore throat, dysphagia, odynophagia, hoarseness, cough, foreign body sensation. Examination: Oropharyngoscopy, indirect laryngoscopy, direct laryngoscopy, flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy. Investigations: Barium swallow, CT neck, MRI neck. D. Neck Examination: Palpation of lymph nodes, thyroid, salivary glands, laryngeal crepitus. III. Diseases of the Ear A. External Ear Otitis externa (diffuse, furunculosis, malignant), perichondritis, cerumen impaction, foreign body. B. Middle Ear Acute otitis media, otitis media with effusion (serous otitis media), chronic suppurative otitis media (tubotympanic, atticoantral), mastoiditis, otosclerosis, cholesteatoma. C. Inner Ear Meniere's disease, labyrinthitis, presbycusis, noise-induced hearing loss, sudden sensorineural hearing loss, acoustic neuroma. D. Facial Nerve Disorders Bell's palsy, Ramsay Hunt syndrome, traumatic facial nerve palsy. IV. Diseases of the Nose & Paranasal Sinuses A. Inflammatory/Infectious Acute and chronic rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis, acute and chronic sinusitis, nasal polyps. B. Structural Deviated nasal septum, nasal hypertrophied turbinates, choanal atresia. C. Epistaxis Causes, management (anterior/posterior packing, cautery). D. Tumors Benign (nasal papilloma, osteoma), malignant (squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma). V. Diseases of the Pharynx & Larynx A. Pharynx Acute and chronic tonsillitis, adenoid hypertrophy, peritonsillar abscess (quinsy), retropharyngeal abscess, pharyngitis, diphtheria, foreign body in pharynx. B. Larynx Acute and chronic laryngitis, vocal cord nodules/polyps, recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, laryngeal papillomatosis, foreign body in larynx. C. Tumors Benign (vocal cord polyp), malignant (squamous cell carcinoma of pharynx/larynx). VI. Neck & Salivary Gland Disorders A. Neck Swellings Cervical lymphadenopathy (inflammatory, neoplastic), thyroid swellings, branchial cyst, thyroglossal cyst, cystic hygroma. B. Salivary Gland Disorders Sialadenitis (acute, chronic), sialolithiasis, parotid/submandibular gland tumors (pleomorphic adenoma, Warthin's tumor, mucoepidermoid carcinoma). VII. Tracheobronchial Tree & Esophagus Foreign body in tracheobronchial tree, foreign body in esophagus, tracheostomy (indications, types, complications, care), esophagoscopy, bronchoscopy. VIII. Audiology & Speech Pathology Types of hearing loss (conductive, sensorineural, mixed), hearing aids, cochlear implants, speech disorders (dysphonia, dysarthria, aphasia), voice therapy. IX. ENT Emergencies Airway obstruction (acute epiglottitis, laryngeal foreign body), severe epistaxis, peritonsillar abscess, Ludwig's angina, deep neck space infections, trauma to face/neck.
