Equivalent to: git fetch origin main followed by git merge origin/main.

Use Case: Update your local repository with the latest changes from the remote.

git fetch origin:

Downloads commits, files, and refs from the origin remote repository into your local repository.
Crucially, it does NOT merge or modify your local working directory.
Affects: Local only (updates remote-tracking branches like origin/main).
Use Case: See what others have pushed without integrating it into your current work. You can then compare main with origin/main.

git remote -v:

Temporarily saves changes that are not ready to be committed, allowing you to switch branches or perform other operations.

Stash data is stored locally in the .git/refs/stash file.

git stash (or git stash save "message"):
- Saves your current uncommitted changes (both staged and unstaged) to a temporary "stash" and reverts your Working Directory to the state of the HEAD commit.
- Affects: Local (Working Directory, Staging Area, and .git data).
- What happens: Your Working Directory becomes clean, as if you just committed.
git stash list:
- Shows a list of all stashed changes.
- Affects: Local (reads .git data).
git stash apply <stash@{n}>:
- Applies the stashed changes back to your Working Directory. The stash remains in the stash list.
- If no <stash@{n}> is specified, it applies the most recent stash (stash@{0}).
- Affects: Local (Working Directory).
git stash pop <stash@{n}>:
- Applies the stashed changes and then immediately removes it from the stash list.
- Affects: Local (Working Directory and .git data).
- Use Case: Typically preferred when you're done with a stash.
git stash drop <stash@{n}>:
- Removes a specific stash entry from the stash list without applying it.
- Affects: Local (.git data).
git stash clear:
- Removes all stash entries.
- Affects: Local (.git data).

Applies specific existing commits from one branch onto another branch.

git cherry-pick <commit-hash>:
- Takes the changes introduced by the specified <commit-hash> and creates a new commit with those changes on your current branch.
- Affects: Local only (until pushed).
- Use Cases:
  - Hotfixes: Apply a critical fix from a development branch directly to a stable release branch without merging the entire development branch.
  - Selective Merges: Pick individual commits instead of merging an entire branch.
- Conflict Handling: If a conflict occurs, resolve it, git add <file>, then git cherry-pick --continue. To abort, git cherry-pick --abort.