Research Methodologies & IPR

Cheatsheet Content

Research Paper Structure 1. Title: Concise, informative, reflects main focus. 2. Abstract: Brief summary (150-250 words) of research question, methods, findings, conclusions. 3. Introduction: Introduces topic, background, significance. Ends with clear research question/hypothesis. 4. Literature Review: Reviews relevant literature, demonstrates understanding of existing knowledge. Sets stage for research. 5. Methodology: Describes methods used for research, detailed enough for replication. Includes data collection, participants, materials, procedures. 6. Results: Presents findings clearly, organized. Uses tables, figures, graphs. Includes statistical analyses and relevant details. 7. Discussion: Interprets and analyzes results. Relates findings to research question/hypothesis. Addresses significance and implications. Mentions study limitations. 8. Conclusion: Summarizes key findings and implications. Restates research question/hypothesis and how it was answered. Suggests future research. 9. References: Lists all cited sources, follows specific citation style (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago). 10. Appendices (if needed): Includes supplementary info (questionnaires, data, code). Layout of a Research Paper 1. Title Page: Title: Clear, concise, informative. Author(s): Names, affiliations. Corresponding Author: Designated author with contact details. Date: Submission/publication date. 2. Abstract: Brief, structured summary (150-250 words) covering background, objectives, methods, results, conclusions. 3. Keywords: List of keywords/phrases representing main topics for indexing. 4. Introduction: Introduces topic, background, significance. States research question/hypothesis. Outlines paper structure. 5. Literature Review: Reviews relevant literature, demonstrates understanding, sets stage. 6. Methodology: Details methods, techniques, data collection, participants, materials, procedures for replication. 7. Results: Presents findings using tables, figures, graphs, statistical analyses. 8. Discussion: Interprets results, relates to research question, addresses significance, limitations. 9. Conclusion: Summarizes key findings, implications, restates research question, suggests future research. 10. References: All cited sources, specific citation style. 11. Appendices (if needed): Supplementary information. Journals in Computer Science 1) IEEE Transactions on Computers Publisher: IEEE Publisher Scope: Computer organizations/architectures, OS, software systems, communication protocols, real-time/embedded systems, digital devices, design/testing methods, performance, fault tolerance, reliability, security, case studies. 2) Journal of the ACM (JACM) Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery Scope: Significant work on principles of computer science; lasting value to any area of CS. 3) IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (PAMI) Publisher: IEEE Publisher Scope: Computer vision, image understanding, pattern analysis/recognition, machine learning for pattern analysis. Includes: visual search, document/handwriting analysis, medical image analysis, video/image sequence analysis, content-based retrieval, face/gesture recognition, specialized hardware/software architectures. 4) ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery Scope: Comprehensive tutorials and survey papers; provides overview of literature, explains topics, helps identify trends in complex technologies. Does not publish new research. 5) International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems Publisher: Atlantis Press Scope: Original research on all aspects of applied computational intelligence, especially papers demonstrating use of techniques/methods from computational intelligence theory. Open access. Research Repositories: WoS & Scopus Widely used databases for academic publications, essential for accessing and evaluating literature. Web of Science (WoS) 1. Publisher: Clarivate Analytics. Launched as Science Citation Index (SCI) in 1964. 2. Content: Broad range of scholarly literature: scientific journals, conference proceedings, books, patents. Known for high-impact journals. 3. Citation Indexes: Includes SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI, A&HCI. Tracks citations for bibliometric analysis and impact assessment. 4. Search and Analysis Tools: Discover research, analyze citation patterns, track impact of papers, authors, institutions. 5. Journal Impact Factor (JIF): Calculates JIF for journals to evaluate quality and impact. Scopus 1. Publisher: Elsevier product. Comprehensive abstract and citation database, launched 2004. 2. Content: Wide array of scholarly literature: peer-reviewed journals, conference proceedings, patents, trade publications. Extensive coverage, especially sciences and engineering. 3. Citation Metrics: Provides h-index, CiteScore, SNIP. Helps assess impact of authors, articles, journals. 4. Content Alerting: Allows users to receive updates on specific research topics/authors. 5. Link to Full-Text: Direct links to full-text articles for convenient access. Plagiarism and Plagiarism Checking Tools Plagiarism: Using someone else's work without proper credit. Unethical, academic/professional breach, severe consequences. Proper attribution is essential. Plagiarism checking and detection tools: Software/online services that identify potential plagiarism by comparing text against a vast database of published content. Commonly Used Plagiarism Checking Tools: 1. Turnitin: Widely used in education. Checks papers against academic/non-academic content. Generates similarity reports and originality scores. 2. Grammarly: Plagiarism checker as part of writing assistant. Scans text against web pages/academic sources. Provides similarity score. 3. Copyscape: Online tool for web-based plagiarism. Checks originality of web pages against other web content. Used by website owners/content creators. 4. Plagscan: Checks documents against comprehensive database of academic/web content. Provides detailed report with similarity percentages. 5. DupliChecker: Free online checker. Scans text against web content, provides similarity percentage. 6. Quetext: Online checker (free/premium). Scans text for potential matches, provides similarity report. 7. Viper: Free checker for academic content/web sources. Used by students/educators. 8. Plagiarism.org: Free online checker. Scans against web-based sources/academic publications. Provides similarity report. 9. Crossref Similarity Check: Service for academic publishers. Checks submitted manuscripts for originality using iThenticate.