11th Dec: Rajendra Prasad elected permanent President.

July 1946: Congress victory in constituent assembly election, Muslim League felt defeated.
Dangerous communal riots broke out (Silhat, Tripura, Noakhali, Garhmukteshwar, Bihar).
After Direct Action Day, Atlee (British PM) announced to leave India.

Lord Mountbatten (Viceroy, March 1947) worked out compromise.
India to be partitioned, Pakistan created, free India.
Announced 3rd June 1947.
Salient features:
- Muslim majority areas could form separate dominion.
- New constituent assembly.
- Boundary commission to define Bengal/Punjab boundaries.
- Common governor general for both dominions.
- Transfer of power based on Government of India Act 1935.
- Armed forces divided.
July 1947: British Parliament passed Indian Independence Act to legalize plan.
Act provided for two independent states (India, Pakistan) from 15th Aug 1947.
Boundary lines drawn by Rad Cliff.
Country partitioned not on religion.
India independent on 15th Aug 1947.
Jawaharlal Nehru's "Tryst with Destiny" speech on 14th Aug midnight.

Independence Act: British Paramountcy over Indian States lapsed (15th Aug 1947).
States allowed to join India or Pakistan.
Most states signed Instrument of Accession to India before 15th Aug.
Some states wanted independence.
15th Aug 1947: All 562 states (except Kashmir, Hyderabad, Junagadh) incorporated into Federal Union.
Small states merged with neighboring provinces.
"Bloodless revolution" by democratic forces and patriotic rulers.
Maharaja of Kashmir delayed accession.
Pathans and irregular forces invaded Kashmir.
26th Oct 1947: Maharaja of Kashmir acceded to Indian Union.
31st Oct 1947: Interim government with Sheikh Abdullah.
31st Dec 1947: Indian Government appealed to UN Security Council against Pakistan's aggression.
Claims of India and Pakistan before Security Council.
Two dominions fought for over a year, ceasefire 1st Jan 1949.
UN efforts for solution unsuccessful.
1951: Constitution Assembly met in Jammu and Kashmir.
Feb 1954: Constituent Assembly ratified accession.
Nov 1956: Constituent Assembly legalized J&K as integral part of Indian Dominion.
Pakistan retains de-facto control over occupied area.

Leader of depressed classes, worked for their progress.
Jurist, social worker, politician, writer, educationist.
Launched movements for equal status of lower castes.
Law Minister in Interim Government, Chairman of Constituent Assembly's Drafting Committee.