Copper Chip Test:
- Experiment: O.S.S + conc. $H_2SO_4$ + copper chips, heat.
- Observation: Light brown fumes observed, intensifying on heating.
- Inference: Confirms presence of Nitrate Radical.
Brown Ring Test:
- Experiment: O.S.S + freshly prepared $FeSO_4$ solution + conc. $H_2SO_4$ slowly along test tube sides.
- Observation: A dark brown ring obtained at the interface.
- Inference: Confirms presence of Nitrate Radical.

$MgSO_4$ Test:
- Experiment: O.S.S + few drops of $MgSO_4$.
- Observation: White precipitate is formed.
- Inference: Confirms presence of Carbonate.

Lead Acetate Test:
- Experiment: O.S.S + few drops of Acetic acid + lead acetate.
- Observation: White precipitate of $PbSO_4$ is obtained.
- Inference: Confirms presence of Sulphate Radical.
$BaCl_2$ Test:
- Experiment: Salt + $BaCl_2$ solution. Precipitate + conc. HCl.
- Observation: White precipitate obtained. White precipitate does not dissolve in conc. HCl.
- Inference: Confirms presence of Sulphate.

Silver Nitrate Test:
- Experiment: O.S.S + dil $HNO_3$, boil, cool + silver nitrate solution. Precipitate + aqueous $NH_4OH$.
- Observation: White precipitate obtained. Precipitate dissolves in $NH_4OH$.
- Inference: Confirms presence of Chloride.
Manganese Dioxide Test:
- Experiment: Salt + pinch of $MnO_2$ + conc. $H_2SO_4$, heat. Gas evolved tested with moist starch paper.
- Observation: Yellow or green gas with pungent smell evolved. Starch paper turns blue-black.
- Inference: Confirms presence of Chloride.
Chromyl Chloride Test:
- Experiment: Salt + pinch of $K_2Cr_2O_7$ + few drops of conc. $H_2SO_4$, heat. Vapours collected in test tube, add NaOH solution. Yellow solution + Acetic acid + lead acetate.
- Observation: Reddish orange oily vapours (chromyl chloride) produced. Solution turns yellow. An yellow precipitate is obtained.
- Inference: Confirms presence of Chloride.

Ammonium Molybdate Test:
- Experiment: Salt + conc. $HNO_3$, boil + Ammonium Molybdate solution.
- Observation: An yellow precipitate is observed.
- Inference: May be presence of Phosphate.
Magnesium Mixture Test:
- Experiment: O.S.S + solid $NH_4Cl$ + $MgCl_2$, boil, cool, add $NH_4OH$.
- Observation: White precipitate obtained.
- Inference: Confirms presence of Phosphate.

Nessler's Reagent Test:
- Experiment: O.S.S + NaOH + Nessler's reagent $K_2[HgI_4]$.
- Observation: Brown precipitate observed.<